Rationale: Floating L is the exponent of the specific article. L is the exponent of the replacive morpheme of nominalization for some prefixed and compound verbs.

Rationale: /H/ is a substitutive tonal morpheme marking syntactic status of 3 pers. pronouns.

Rationale: /L/ appears as the exponent of several tonal morphemes: definite article (an additive tonal morpheme); a replacive tonale morpheme on the verb in negative, conditional constructions and constructions with a focalized argument preceding the verb; the replacive tone on the second component of a distributive construction; the replacive tone on numerals from 2 to 10 in their function of a noun modifier.

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Rationale: Hausa has segmental morphemes that are combined with the H tonal melody, e.g. plural suffixes -oːCfiː\H, -aːCfiː\H, -uː\H, -aː\H, and -aːwaː\H, nominal derivative suffixes -(an)tʃiː\H and -e\H, the ventive suffix -oː\H, the object suffixe -ar\H, the exclamation suffix -o:\H.

Rationale: In the Conjoint construction, tone of the verbal classes III, VI, VIII, XI, XII, XIII change to L.

Rationale: In the Conjoint construction, tones of the verbal classes I, IV, V change to M. M tone is a marker of the autonomous and restrictive pronominal series; prospective series of pronominal markers.

Rationale: /xL/ is the exponent of two additive grammatical morphemes: that of infinitive and 3SG non-subject pronoun. /xL/ is the exponent of the following replacive grammatical morphemes: the neutral aspect marker on the verb; the conjoint construction marker on the verbs of the classes III, VII, IX, X; nominalization; construct state. xL tone is a marker of the imperative series of pronominal markers.

Rationale: /H/ is the exponent of the relativization tonal morpheme on 3 nouns: ɓɛ̰̄ → ɓɛ̰́ ‘human being’, pʌ̄ → pʌ́ ‘thing’, yī → yí ‘day’. H tone is a marker of the selective pronominal series; conjoint, negative imperfective, negative perfective, negative subjunctive, negative consecutive series of pronominal markers.

Rationale: The Tonal Morpheme Criterion: Contrastive pronouns of 3 person bear H toneme: 3Sg à – 3Sg.Contr. á; Pl.marker ɓũ̄ - 3Pl.Contr. ɓṹ.

Rationale: In Affirmative Perfective suffix: -ɗà/ -ɗã̀/ -à/ -ã̀ is a segmental morpheme with the underlying L tone. This tone spreads to the left on the entire verb stem: kṹ ‘to catch’ - kũ̀ã̀ ‘caught’; gã̄ã̄ ‘to hide’ - gã̀ã̀ɗã̀ ‘hid, hidden’; ɓùè ‘to miss (an aim)’ - ɓùèɗà ‘missed’.

Rationale: M toneme is a component of the MH tonal morpheme of the Habutual Aspect. kṹ ‘to catch’ – kū̃ ‘(he) catches’ wè ‘to speak’ – wē ‘(he) speaks’ ɓɗã̀ã̀ ‘to swell’ – ɓɗã̄ã̄ ‘(it) swells. Floating M is the exponent of the Imperative-Optative marker.

Rationale: xH is a marker of the logophoric subjunctive pronominal markers.

Rationale: Verbs in the plural command mood have a replacive H tone morpheme which maps onto the entire verbal word form. A floating H serves the marker of the singular imperative.

Rationale: 1) A HL verb receives a H toneme when hosting the Negative enclitic. 2) In reduplication, the first component has is lexical toneme changed to H.

Rationale: a L tone can be a tonal grammatical morpheme, viz. the Genitive =L and the Resultative =L

Rationale: 1) 1Du, 2/3Du, and 1Pl person-number markers may impose a LH toneme on the verbal word. 2) Future suffix imposes a LH toneme on the verbal word in certain tonal classes of verbs.