Tonemes defined using this criterion
Rationale: H can spread to the right (rules of tonal spread, tonal compacity, simplification of the tonal contour of the stem).
Rationale: /L/ can spread to the right (rules of tonal spread, tonal compacity, simplification of the tonal contour of the stem). /L/ conditions OCP (the preceding /L/ surfaces as LH).
Rationale: /H/ conditions the H tone bridge rule.
Rationale: /L/ spreads when it is necessary to avoid a prohibited HH sequence in the word-final position: LHH → LLH.
Rationale:
Rationale:
Rationale: The Tonal Polarity rule
Rationale: The Tonal Polarity rule
Rationale: /M/ conditions an OCP-style tonal dissimilation: three M-tone locative adverbs change their M tone to H if preceded by M.
Rationale: /L/ conditions the Low Plateauing rule: L xL L > L L L.
Rationale: /xL/ conditions the regressive assimilation rule for only one word: kèe ‘occiput’ > kèȅ tȁ ‘at the occiput’.
Rationale:
Rationale:
Rationale: 1) If an object follows the verb, L tone spreads from the immediate past and hodiernal past tense markers to the verb root and shifts the pre-linked H tone from the initial syllable of a H tone verb. 2) L tone spreads from the root onto toneless suffixes.
Rationale: H tone spreads: 1) in associative constructions, from the associative marker onto the class prefix of the possessor; 2) on toneless derivative suffixes.
Rationale: 1) A H toneme spreads to the right on underlyingly toneless morae within the limits of a morpheme if the morpheme is followed by a floating L toneme. 2) H toneme optionally spreads across morphological boundaries on the L-toned enclitics: the Presentative marker =ɛ̀, the Comitative preposition =ɛ̀, the non-human 3rd person object pronominal =ɔ̀.
Rationale: ha [há] ‘breath’ + ཡང་ yang [jàŋ] ‘light’ > ཧ་ཡང་ ha yang [há.jáŋ] ‘aluminum’ [H há.jaŋ]
Rationale: The toneme can spread to the right on the second syllable of the prosodic word: nam-langs [nàm.lâ:ɂ] ‘sunrise’ [L nàm.la:ɂ].
Rationale: If a heavy syllable carries a LH melody and is followed by a toneless syllable, L spreads to the right on the adjacent mora within the same syllable, while the H toneme shifts to the following toneless syllable within the same prosodic word.
Rationale: H tone of the stem spreads into toneless suffixes.
Rationale: LH tone of the stem extends onto toneless suffixes.
Rationale: HL tone of the stem extends onto toneless suffixes.