Dan
Yacouba, Gio
daf (dann1241)
Mande (mand1469) > Dan-Toura (dant1235)
Africa
( West Africa )
L1 speakers: 1600000
L2 speakers: None
Last modified: 2024-09-18 18:00 by vvydrin
2. Prosodic units
3. Tonal inventory
3.2 Inventory of tonemes
Extra-high
[ xH ]
toneme

Criteria:

  • The Persistence Criterion
  • The Tonal Morpheme Criterion
  • The Shared TBU Criterion

View details
High
[ H ]
toneme

Criteria:

  • The Persistence Criterion
  • The Tonal Morpheme Criterion

View details
Mid
[ M ]
toneme

Criteria:

  • The Persistence Criterion
  • The Tonal Morpheme Criterion
  • The Shared TBU Criterion
  • The Activity Criterion

View details
Low
[ L ]
toneme

Criteria:

  • The Persistence Criterion
  • The Tonal Morpheme Criterion
  • The Shared TBU Criterion
  • The Activity Criterion

View details
Extra-low
[ xL ]
toneme

Criteria:

  • The Persistence Criterion
  • The Floating Criterion
  • The Tonal Morpheme Criterion
  • The Shared TBU Criterion
  • The Activity Criterion

View details
Falling
[ H xL ]
toneme

Criteria:

  • The Persistence Criterion
  • The Extensibility Criterion

View details
4. Tonotactics
4.3. Toneless syllables
5. Stress and tone
6. Tonal Rules
Mid tone dissimilation
other
/M/ /M/ > /M/ /H/ / (word) (lex: yɤ̄ | ɓɯ̰̄ | ɓā _)

Mid tone, if preceded by another mid, is replaced by high tone. For three deictic adverbs: yɤ̄ 'here' (near the speaker) and ɓɯ̰̄ 'there' (outside the visibility of both interlocutors) change their tone obligatorily, and this modification is optional for ɓā 'there' (near the interlocutor, or on some distance from both participants of the conversation)

Low plateauing
plateauing
/L/ /xL/ /L/ > /L/ /L/ / (lex _ _) (word _)

A LxL melody on a heavy foot is levelled to L if followed by another L. This rule concerns only some words, e.g. sòȍ 'horse'.

xL regressive assimilation
tonal spread
[L ..] /xL/ > [L .] [xL .] /xL/ / (lex: kèe _) (word _)

If a heavy foot hosting a L toneme is followed by xL, the xL tone assimilates its final syllable. This rule concerns only one word, kèe 'occiput', e.g.: kèȅ tȁ 'at the occiput'.

7. Grammatical Tones
Miscellaneous
8. Tonal classes of words
10. Tonal notation in the writing
Analytical report (fulltext)